Tourist Place Sanchi - Masterpieces of Buddhist Art

The famous tourist place in India, Sanchi is known for its Stupas, monasteries, temples and pillars dating from the 3rd century B.C. to the 12th century A.D. world renowned stupa of Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site for tis archaeological and historical monuments. The most famous of these monuments, the Sanchi Stupa 1, was originally built by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, the then governor of Ujjayini, whose wife Devi was the daughter of a merchant from adjacent Vidisha. Their son Mahindra and daughter Sanghamitra were born in Ujjayini and sent to Sri Lanka, where they converted the King, the Queen and their people to Buddhism.
The Sanchi hill goes up in shelves with stupa 2 situated on lower shelf, Stupa 1, Stupa 3, the 5th century Gupta Temple No 17 and the 7th century temple No. 18 are on the intermediate shelves and a later monastery is on the crowning shelf. The balustrade surrounding Stupa 2, carved with aniconic representations of the Budha, was added in the late 2nd century BC unde rthe Satavahanas. The adjacent Gupta Temple No. 17 was hailed by Sir John Marshall as one of the most rationally organized structures in Indian architecture. Though small, it was a herald of all the principles which went into the engineering of an Indian temple in the early medievel period. The Buddhas in the perambulatory surrounding Stupa 1 are not contemporary with the Stupa but beling to the Gupta period in the mid 5th century AD. The monastery and the temple with the tall pillars adjacent to Stupa 1 and the temple near the monastery on the crowning shelf illustrate the evolution of the architectural form after the 5th century Gupta temple. Below the hill, the Archaeological Survey of India Museum houses some of th earliest known stone sculptures in Indian art from the 3rd to the 1st century BC.Great Stupa No. 1 The oldest stone stucture in India. 36.5 mt in diameter and 16.4 mt high, with massive hemispherical dome, the stupa stands in eternal majesty, the paved procession path around it worn smooth by centuries of pilgims.

The Eastern Gateway : Depicts the young prince, Gautama leaving his father's palace on his journey towards enlightenment and the dream his mother had before his birth.
The Western Gateway : Depicts the seven incarnations of the Buddha.
The Northern Gateway : Crowned by a wheel-of-law this depicts the miracles associated with the Buddha as told in the jatakas.
The Southern Gateway : The birth of Gautama is revealed in a series of dramatically rich carvings.

Stupa No. 2 : The stupa stands at the very edge of the hill and its most striking feature is the stone balustrade that rings it.

Stupa No. 3 : Situated close to the great stupa. The hemispherical dome is crowned, as a mark of its special religious significance, with an umbrella of polished stone. The relics of Sariputta and Mahamogallena, two of the Buddha's earliest discriples, were found in its inmost chamber.

The Ashoka Pillar : Lies close to the Southern gateway of the Great Stupa, and is one of the finest examples of the Ashokantions and exquisite structural balance.

The Buddhist Vihara : The sacred relics of the Satdhara STupa, a few km away from Sanchi, have been enshrined in a glass casket on a platform in the inner sanctum of his modern monastery.

The Great Bowl : Carved out of one block of stone, this mammoth bowl contained the food that was distributed among the monks of Sanchi.

The Gupta Temple: In ruins now, this 5th century AD temple is one of the earliest known examples of temple architecture in India.

The Museum : The Archaeological Survey of India maintains a site museum at Sanchi. Noteworthy antiquities on display include the lion capital of the Ashokan pillar and metal objects used by monks, discovered during excavations at Sanchi.

How to reach : Bhopal the capital city of Madhya Pradesh is the nearest airport to sanchi. Which is served by several airlines. Sanchi to Bhopal is 46 Km.. A well laid rail network link to Bhopal.

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Sculptures With Art of Love and Passion : Khajuraho Temples

Situated in the heart of Central India, Khajuraho is a temple town different from any other temple city of India. It is not about religion, worshipping and deities, instead temples in this fascinating village are famous for the eroticism etched on its walls in the form of sculptures. There are so many theories and controversies over eroticism depicted on the outer walls of temples in Khajuraho.
According to a legend, the creators of Khajuraho had descented from the moon. The story of the origin of this great dynasty is interesting. A beautiful young daughter of a Brahmin priest was seduced by the moon god while she was bathing in the Rati one evening. Her name was Hemavati. The son born of this union between a mortal and a god was a son was named Chandravarman. Harassed by society, the unwed mother sought refuge in the dense forest of Central India where she was both mother and guru to her young son. This boy of Hemavati and moon grew up to found the great Chandela dynasty. When he was established as a ruler, he had this dream one night in which his mother implored him to build temples that would reveal human passions, and in doing so bring about a realization of the emptiness of human desire. Chandravarman began the construction of the first of the temples, successive rulers added to the fast growing complex.
Few scholars believe that the Chandelas were believers in the powers of Tantrism; the cult which believes that the gratification of earthly desires is a step closer to the attainment of the infinite. Yet another theory justifies the erotica of Khajuraho, claiming it had a specific purpose. According to this theory, in those days boys lived in hermitages, following the Hindu law of being "brahmacharis" until they attained manhood. Therfore, the only way they could prepare themselves for the worldly role of 'householder' was through the study of these sculptures and the earthly passions they depicted.
However, few Hindu scholars emphasise that the erotic sculptures are present only on the outer walls of the temples and not inside, which according to them means that one should leave all his/her worldly desires outside before entering the place of worship.
History
Built between AD950 and 1050 by the Chandela dynasty, temples of Khajuraho is the evidences of the architectural geniuses during the times of Chandela dynasty. The 85 temples were built in North Indian 'Nagara' style of architecture, though only 20 of them have survived the rough weather conditions over long years of time. The two richer distinctive groups of temples are the Western and Eastern group of temples. With hardly any written records and rare references to its origin, the history of Khajuraho has become trapped in the mythical folklore of the region. According to the Myths Khajuraho was known as 'Khajur-vahika' or 'Khajjurpura' in the ancient times because of its golden date palms (known as 'khajur') that lined the gates of this city.
Temples
Khajuraho is surrounded by 22 temples, which give us a glimpse of a golden time of art and devotion at their peak.Out of 22 temples, two were made from sandstone. The stone blocks were first carved and then the interlocking pieces were assembled to form a temple. Each temple is different from one another. The temples are grouped into three geographical divisions : western, eastern and southern.
Western Group of Temples: Lakhmi Temple, The Kandariya Mahadeo Temple, Devi Jagdamba Temple, Chitragupta Temple, Viswanath Temple
Eastern Group of Temples: Parsvanath Temple, Ghantai Temple, Brahma Temple, Vamana Temple, Javari Temple
Southern Group of Temples: Dulhadev Temple, Beejamandal Temple
Khajuraho temples were discovered accidentally by a British military adventurer in 1838. Built between AD950 and 1050 by the Chandela dynasty, the temples by the end of the 15th century were abandoned, hidden deep within thick jungle.

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